Optional: GameStop stock vs Tesla（可选）GameStop 与 Tesla 股票对比

Determining the price of a stock is complex; it depends on the number of outstanding shares, the size of the company's future profits, and much more. An essential factor is the company's profit and growth of profits; if the company's profit is increasing, the stock price should increase. If you suspect the company's profit increases, you should buy the stock as the stock should increase, But what happens if you think the stock price will decrease. 
确定股票价格是复杂的；它取决于流通股数量、公司未来利润的大小等等。一个重要因素是公司的利润和利润增长；如果公司的利润在增加，股票价格应该会上涨。如果你怀疑公司的利润会增加，你应该买入股票，因为股票应该会上涨。但如果你认为股票价格会下跌，会怎样呢？

Short selling is how you make money if the stock decreases. An investor borrows a stock, sells the stock, and then repurchases it to return it to the lender. Typically stocks fall faster than they rise, so you can make a profit more quickly. Usually, experienced investors such as hedge funds partake in short selling. One problem is if the stock price increases, the investor can lose money.
卖空是当你认为股票会下跌时赚钱的方式。投资者借入股票，卖出股票，然后购回以归还给贷方。通常股票下跌的速度比上涨的速度快，所以你可以更快地获利。通常，对冲基金等经验丰富的投资者参与卖空。一个问题在于，如果股票价格上涨，投资者可能会亏损。

Sometimes short sellers get it wrong; for example, Tesla. A few years ago, many short sellers targeted Tesla. Then Tesla started becoming profitable, and profits were increasing; thus, the company stock went up. This was based on the companies performance, so the stock should continue to rise, and the short seller should sell the stock. Recently shorted stocks can increase for reasons that are not based on fundamentals; this is less sustainable.
有时做空者会判断失误；例如特斯拉。几年前，许多做空者瞄准了特斯拉。随后特斯拉开始盈利，利润持续增长；因此公司股价上涨。这是基于公司业绩的，所以股价应该继续上涨，做空者应该卖出股票。最近被做空股票可能因基本面以外的原因上涨，这种情况不太可持续。

Individual investors using the forum on the Reddit online community named WallStreetBets, started buying into shares of GameStop, a video and computer-game retailer losing money. The influx of demand caused GameStop shares to soar. All this produced billions of dollars in losses for hedge funds who had sold the stock short. [ 1] GameStop's share price should fall eventually, so the Hedge funds should hold on to the short positions. As a data scientist working for a hedge fund, you will extract the profit data for Tesla and GameStop and build a dashboard to compare the price of the stock vs the profit for the hedge fund.
在 Reddit 在线社区名为 WallStreetBets 的论坛上使用该平台的个人投资者开始买入亏损的视频和电脑游戏零售商 GameStop 的股票。需求的涌入导致 GameStop 股价飙升。所有这些给做空该股票的对冲基金造成了数十亿美元的损失。[1] GameStop 的股价最终应该会下跌，所以对冲基金应该继续持有空头头寸。作为一名为对冲基金工作的数据科学家，您将提取特斯拉和 GameStop 的利润数据，并构建一个仪表板来比较股票价格与对冲基金的利润。