The Anatomy of Breathing呼吸的解剖学原理

Anytime you study singing, you are working on improving breathing techniques to best support and develop your vocal instrument. Although there are different methods to teach breathing, it is important to understand how breathing works anatomically as you practice achieving the sound you desire. In this section, we will look at the anatomical aspects of breathing for singing.
任何时候你学习唱歌，你都在努力提高呼吸技巧，以最佳地支持和培养你的嗓音乐器。尽管有不同方法教授呼吸，但在练习达到你想要的音色时，了解呼吸的解剖学工作原理是很重要的。在本节中，我们将探讨唱歌时呼吸的解剖学方面。

Understanding How Breathing Works, Anatomically 了解呼吸如何运作，解剖学角度

Because breathing is fundamental to staying alive, our bodies are naturally very protective about it. When we sing we use breathing intentionally for an artistic result, but that often seems to trigger the body's fear of not having enough air. When we work on breathing for singing, the first step is to trust that we will be okay, that we don't need to gulp in vast amounts of air to sing well.
因为呼吸是维持生命的基础，我们的身体对它自然非常警觉。当我们唱歌时，我们有意地利用呼吸以达到艺术效果，但这往往似乎会触发身体对空气不足的恐惧。当我们专注于唱歌的呼吸时，第一步是相信我们会没事，我们不需要大口吸气才能唱得好。

Breathing technique for singing is a several-step process.
歌唱呼吸技巧是一个多步骤的过程。

1. Much of breathing technique focuses on how best to take breath into the body. First, we allow the body to breathe in fully, relaxing our shoulders and lowering the mid-torso at the base of the rib cage where the lungs are largest and the ribs can expand the most to enlarge the chest cavity. Focusing your breath here helps to lower the diaphragm muscle more, which leads to a deeper fuller breath.
   许多呼吸技巧关注的是如何最好地将气息吸入体内。首先，我们让身体充分吸气，放松肩膀，降低胸腔底部肋骨处的中段，因为这里是肺最大、肋骨扩张最多的地方，以扩大胸腔。集中呼吸在这里有助于更多地降低横膈膜肌肉，从而实现更深更满的呼吸。
2. Next, we use the breath in a pressurized system against the vocal folds, causing the folds to vibrate and produce sound.
   接下来，我们利用呼吸在加压系统中作用于声带，使声带振动并产生声音。
3. The way we expel the breath has a lot of influence on how the vocal fold muscles respond and vibrate. When we picture what is happening in the larynx and mouth, controlling the rate of release of the air while we sing, we begin to be able to manage factors such as volume and quality of tone.
   我们呼出气息的方式对声带肌肉的反应和振动有很大影响。当我们想象喉部和口腔中发生的事情，在唱歌时控制空气释放的速度，我们开始能够管理诸如音量和音质等因素。
4. Finally, the process is repeated. How we inhale immediately after singing a phrase, such as catching a breath in between words, is a big part of breath technique study.
   最后，这个过程会重复。我们在唱完一个乐句后立即吸气，比如在词语之间吸气，这是呼吸技巧研究的重要组成部分。

Here is a diagram of what is happening inside of our bodies when we breathe:
以下是我们在呼吸时身体内部发生情况的示意图：

These are the parts of our body that work together to allow us to breathe:
这些是我们身体中协同工作以使我们能够呼吸的部位：

Here's a close up of the mouth and throat with labeled areas.
这是一张嘴巴和喉咙的特写，并标注了区域。

In this illustration, the arrows show the passage of air up from the lungs just past the vocal folds in the larynx, and passing out either through the sinuses (black arrows) or through the mouth (white arrows). The soft palate is not lifted in this picture.
在这幅插图上，箭头显示了空气从肺部经过喉部声带向上流动，并通过鼻窦（黑色箭头）或口腔（白色箭头）排出。在这张图片中，软腭没有被抬起。

This illustration shows good posture at the microphone, allowing air flow to come up from a supported torso, and then visualized traveling forward toward the microphone. This enables the back of the throat (pharynx) to be less constricted.
这幅插图展示了麦克风前的良好姿势，允许气流从支撑的躯干上升，然后可视化地向前流向麦克风。这使得喉咙后部（咽部）的压迫感减轻。

How to Avoid Tension 如何避免紧张

Too much tension is a constant issue for many singers. For example, whenever you sing "ee", your tongue pulls up adding more pull on the larynx. For many styles (especially R&B, country, and rock), to minimize this pull the "ee" vowel is widened, creating less tension and enabling flexible runs and increased volume.
过多的紧张是许多歌手的常见问题。例如，每次你唱“ee”时，舌头向上拉，给喉结增加了更多拉力。对于许多风格（尤其是 R&B、乡村和摇滚），为了最小化这种拉力，“ee”元音被放宽，减少了紧张感，并使跑音更加灵活，音量也更大。

If your singing is forced, you are tensing the larynx too much. Remember, your core muscles are much sturdier than your laryngeal muscles. Effective breathing technique puts the focus lower in the torso to utilize these core muscles.
如果你的唱歌是被迫的，你就过度紧张了喉部。记住，你的核心肌肉比喉部肌肉更坚固。有效的呼吸技巧将重点放在躯干的下方，以利用这些核心肌肉。

Source: https://www.coursera.org/learn/singing-popular-music/supplement/BgLCY/the-anatomy-of-breathing