Module 01 · Containers and Containerization

Module 1 Glossary: Container Basics模块 1 术语表：容器基础

Term 术语	Definition 定义
Agile 敏捷	is an iterative approach to project management and software development that helps teams deliver value to their customers faster and with fewer issues. 是一种迭代的项目管理和软件开发方法，帮助团队更快地为客户交付价值，并减少问题。
Client-server architecture 客户端-服务器架构	is a distributed application structure that partitions tasks or workloads between the providers of a resource or service, called servers, and service requesters, called clients. 是一种分布式应用程序结构，将任务或工作负载在资源或服务的提供者（称为服务器）和服务请求者（称为客户端）之间进行划分。
A container 一个容器	powered by the containerization engine, is a standard unit of software that encapsulates the application code, runtime, system tools, system libraries, and settings necessary for programmers to efficiently build, ship and run applications. 由容器化引擎驱动的容器，是软件的标准单元，封装了应用程序代码、运行时、系统工具、系统库和程序员为高效构建、分发和运行应用程序所需的设置。
Container Registry 容器注册中心	Used for the storage and distribution of named container images. While many features can be built on top of a registry, its most basic functions are to store images and retrieve them. 用于存储和分发命名容器镜像。虽然许多功能可以在注册中心之上构建，但其最基本的功能是存储镜像并检索它们。
CI/CD pipelines CI/CD 管道	A continuous integration and continuous deployment (CI/CD) pipeline is a series of steps that must be performed in order to deliver a new version of software. CI/CD pipelines are a practice focused on improving software delivery throughout the software development life cycle via automation. 持续集成和持续部署（CI/CD）流水线是一系列必须执行的步骤，用于交付软件的新版本。CI/CD 流水线是一种通过自动化在整个软件开发生命周期中改进软件交付的实践。
Cloud native 云原生	A cloud-native application is a program that is designed for a cloud computing architecture. These applications are run and hosted in the cloud and are designed to capitalize on the inherent characteristics of a cloud computing software delivery model. 云原生应用程序是为云计算架构而设计的程序。这些应用程序在云端运行和托管，旨在利用云计算软件交付模型的固有特性。
Daemon-less 无守护进程	A container runtime that does not run any specific program (daemon) to create objects, such as images, containers, networks, and volumes. 一个容器运行时，不运行任何特定的程序（守护进程）来创建对象，例如镜像、容器、网络和卷。
DevOps	is a set of practices, tools, and a cultural philosophy that automate and integrate the processes between software development and IT teams. 是一套实践、工具和文化理念，用于自动化和集成软件开发和 IT 团队之间的流程。
Docker	An open container platform for developing, shipping and running applications in containers. 一个用于开发、部署和运行容器的开放容器平台。
A Dockerfile Dockerfile	is a text document that contains all the commands you would normally execute manually in order to build a Docker image. Docker can build images automatically by reading the instructions from a Dockerfile. 是一个文本文件，其中包含所有您通常需要手动执行以构建 Docker 镜像的命令。Docker 可以通过读取 Dockerfile 中的指令自动构建镜像。
Docker client Docker 客户端	is the primary way that many Docker users interact with Docker. When you use commands such as docker run, the client sends these commands to dockerd, which carries them out. The docker command uses the Docker API. The Docker client can communicate with more than one daemon. 是许多 Docker 用户与 Docker 交互的主要方式。当您使用 docker run 等命令时，客户端会将这些命令发送给 dockerd，由其执行。docker 命令使用 Docker API。Docker 客户端可以与多个守护进程进行通信。
Docker Command Line Interface (CLI) Docker 命令行界面（CLI）	The Docker client provides a command line interface (CLI) that allows you to issue build, run, and stop application commands to a Docker daemon. Docker 客户端提供了一个命令行界面（CLI），允许您向 Docker 守护进程发出构建、运行和停止应用程序的命令。
Docker daemon (dockerd) Docker 守护进程（dockerd）	creates and manages Docker objects, such as images, containers, networks, and volumes. 创建和管理 Docker 对象，例如镜像、容器、网络和卷。
Docker Hub	is the world's easiest way to create, manage, and deliver your team's container applications. 是创建、管理和交付团队容器应用的最简单方式。
Docker localhost	Docker provides a host network which lets containers share your host's networking stack. This approach means that a `localhost` in a container resolves to the physical host, instead of the container itself. Docker 提供了一个主机网络，允许容器共享主机的网络栈。这种方法意味着容器中的 `localhost` 解析到物理主机，而不是容器本身。
Docker remote host Docker 远程主机	A remote Docker host is a machine, inside or outside our local network which is running a Docker Engine and has ports exposed for querying the Engine API. 远程 Docker 主机是一台机器，位于我们的本地网络内部或外部，正在运行 Docker 引擎，并且暴露了用于查询引擎 API 的端口。
Docker networks Docker 网络	help isolate container communications. 帮助隔离容器通信。
Docker plugins Docker 插件	such as a storage plugin, provides the ability to connect external storage platforms. 例如存储插件，提供连接外部存储平台的能力。
Docker storage Docker 存储	uses volumes and bind mounts to persist data even after a running container is stopped. 使用卷和绑定挂载来持久化数据，即使正在运行的容器停止后也是如此。
LXC	LinuX Containers is a OS-level virtualization technology that allows creation and running of multiple isolated Linux virtual environments (VE) on a single control host. Linux 容器是一种操作系统级别的虚拟化技术，允许在单个控制主机上创建和运行多个隔离的 Linux 虚拟环境（VE）。
IBM Cloud Container Registry IBM Cloud 容器注册中心	stores and distributes container images in a fully managed private registry. 在完全管理的私有注册中心中存储和分发容器镜像。
Image 图片	An immutable file that contains the source code, libraries, and dependencies that are necessary for an application to run. Images are templates or blueprints for a container. 一个不可变的文件，包含应用程序运行所需的源代码、库和依赖项。图片是容器的模板或蓝图。
Immutability 不可变性	Images are read-only; if you change an image, you create a new image. 图片是只读的；如果你更改一个图片，你会创建一个新的图片。
Microservices 微服务	are a cloud-native architectural approach in which a single application contains many loosely coupled and independently deployable smaller components or services. 是一种云原生架构方法，其中单个应用程序包含许多松散耦合且可独立部署的小型组件或服务。
Namespace 命名空间	A Linux namespace is a Linux kernel feature that isolates and virtualizes system resources. Processes which are restricted to a namespace can only interact with resources or processes that are part of the same namespace. Namespaces are an important part of Docker's isolation model. Namespaces exist for each type of resource, including networking, storage, processes, hostname control and others. Linux 命名空间是 Linux 内核的一项功能，用于隔离和虚拟化系统资源。被限制在命名空间内的进程只能与同一命名空间内的资源或进程交互。命名空间是 Docker 隔离模型的重要组成部分。每种类型的资源都存在命名空间，包括网络、存储、进程、主机名控制等。
Operating System Virtualization 操作系统虚拟化	OS-level virtualization is an operating system paradigm in which the kernel allows the existence of multiple isolated user space instances, called containers, zones, virtual private servers, partitions, virtual environments, virtual kernels, or jails. 操作系统级虚拟化是一种操作系统范例，其中内核允许存在多个隔离的用户空间实例，这些实例被称为容器、区域、虚拟专用服务器、分区、虚拟环境、虚拟内核或监狱。
Private Registry 私有注册中心	Restricts access to images so that only authorized users can view and use them. 限制对镜像的访问，以便只有授权用户才能查看和使用它们。
REST API	A REST API (also known as RESTful API) is an application programming interface (API or web API) that conforms to the constraints of REST architectural style and allows for interaction with RESTful web services. 一个 REST API（也称为 RESTful API）是一种符合 REST 架构风格约束的应用程序编程接口（API 或 Web API），允许与 RESTful Web 服务进行交互。
Registry 注册中心	is a hosted service containing repositories of images which responds to the Registry API. 是一个托管服务，包含图像仓库，并响应 Registry API。
Repository 仓库	is a set of Docker images. A repository can be shared by pushing it to a registry server. The different images in the repository can be labelled using tags. 是一组 Docker 镜像。可以将仓库推送到注册服务器以共享。仓库中的不同镜像可以使用标签进行标记。
Server Virtualization 服务器虚拟化	Server virtualization is the process of dividing a physical server into multiple unique and isolated virtual servers by means of a software application. Each virtual server can run its own operating systems independently. 服务器虚拟化是指通过软件应用程序将一台物理服务器分割成多个独特且隔离的虚拟服务器的过程。每个虚拟服务器可以独立运行自己的操作系统。
Serverless 无服务器	is a cloud-native development model that allows developers to build and run applications without having to manage servers. 是一种云原生开发模型，允许开发人员无需管理服务器即可构建和运行应用程序。
Tag 标签	A tag is a label applied to a Docker image in a repository. Tags are how various images in a repository are distinguished from each other. 标签是一个应用于仓库中 Docker 镜像的标记。标签是用来区分仓库中不同镜像的方式。