Women as Creators and the Historical Barriers to Their Recognition女性创作者的历史认可障碍

Videos 7.3 and 7.4 focused on Hildegard of Bingen; later, in Video 17.5, we will meet Clara Schumann.   But only two women!   This causes us to wonder:  Why do so few women composers appear in histories of music, and why do so few women appear in histories of genius?   Not surprisingly, it’s because men historically have determined who can do what, and men have written the histories that chronicle human accomplishment.  The subject of women as creators is an important one, so important that it occupies all of Chapter 2 (Genius and Gender: The Game is Rigged) in my book “The Hidden Habits of Genius.”    I end that chapter by saying that if you read only one chapter in this book, make it this one.   To link to the book, go to  https://craigwrightgeniusmusic.net
视频 7.3 和 7.4 聚焦于希尔德加德·冯·宾根；稍后，在视频 17.5 中，我们将遇到克拉拉·舒曼。但只有两位女性！这让我们不禁要问：为什么如此少的女性作曲家出现在音乐史中，为什么如此少的女性出现在天才史中？毫不奇怪，这是因为历史上一直是男性决定谁可以做什么，男性也撰写了记录人类成就的历史。女性作为创造者的主题非常重要，重要到它占据了我《天才的隐藏习惯》一书中第二章的全部内容（天才与性别：游戏规则已被设定）。我在那一章结束时说，如果你只读这本书中的一章，那就读这一章。要链接到这本书，请访问 https://craigwrightgeniusmusic.net

          As we saw at the end of Video 7.3, Hildegard of Bingen was a polymath.  Indeed, the first ‘Renaissance man’ was a medieval woman—Hildegard.    Preacher, poet, painter, politician, theologian, musician, student of biology, zoology, botany, and astronomy—Hildegard of Bingen was all of those.    Often an indicator of genius, Hildegard was also a rebel.  She corresponded with four popes (calling one an ass) and fought with Church authorities, who tried to silence her by placing her under interdict.  For centuries after he death, Hildegard languished in obscurity.   But beginning in the 1980’s, with the advent of women’s studies programs and feminist criticism, Hildegard’s reputation as a medieval visionary was restored.  In 2012, Pope Benedict XVI canonized her as Doctor of the Church, the fourth woman of thirty-five saints to be so designated.    
如我们在第 7.3 个视频结束时所见，希尔德加德·冯·宾根是一位博学家。的确，第一个“文艺复兴男子”是一位中世纪女性——希尔德加德。传教士、诗人、画家、政治家、神学家、生物学家、动物学家、植物学家和天文学家——希尔德加德·冯·宾根集所有这些身份于一身。通常被认为是天才的标志，希尔德加德也是一个叛逆者。她与四位教皇通信（曾称其中一位为驴），并与教会当局发生冲突，他们试图通过将她置于禁行圣事令之下来压制她。在她去世后的几个世纪里，希尔德加德一直默默无闻。但自 20 世纪 80 年代开始，随着女性研究项目和女权主义批评的出现，希尔德加德作为中世纪先知的声誉得到了恢复。2012 年，教皇本笃十六世将她封为教会博士，成为获此称号的三十五位圣人中的第四位女性。