How to Critique如何点评作品

Since everyone strives to make their work better, comments are most helpful when you can offer your peer analysis that goes beyond “I like that” or "blue is my favorite color." Feedback is essential. To approach the process of critique, we will be using any or all of the following strategies:
由于每个人都努力使自己的工作更好，因此当你能提供超越“我喜欢这个”或“蓝色是我最喜欢的颜色”的同行分析时，评论最有帮助。反馈是必不可少的。为了处理批评的过程，我们将使用以下策略中的任何一种或全部：

Focus onwhat you see关注你所看到的

Observe the physical, tactile qualities of the image. Describe the materials used, the quality of line, how abstracted the representation is—is the image a realistic representation or more stylized, expressive or notational? If the subject is an animal, how much of the animal is depicted: its entirety or a distinctive feature or two that conjures or stands in for the whole? Does the image depict volume and mass or is it flat? What are the predominant colors or texture? Is the image high contrast or low? Transparent?
观察图像的物理和触觉特性。描述使用的材料、线条的质量、表现的抽象程度——图像是现实主义的呈现还是更具有风格化、表现力或符号化？如果主题是动物，描绘了动物的多少：整体还是几个能唤起或代表整体的特征？图像描绘了体积和重量还是平面的？主要颜色或纹理是什么？图像是高对比度还是低对比度？透明度如何？

Discuss the associations and connotations of an image 讨论图像的关联和内涵

It’s impossible to separate or isolate the tactile materiality and the way a mark is made, from carrying or implying significance. So another way to talk about the image is to focus on what associations or connotative meaning it brought up for you. For example, you may interpret an image’s transparency as subtlety or something ephemeral. Or maybe translucence suggests layering and depth. Or perhaps, for instance, the transparency is intended to suggest fog or mist. Or it connotes obscuring, or camouflage, of being veiled or in shadow.
无法将触觉物质性和标记的制作方式与承载或暗示意义分开或隔离。因此，另一种谈论图像的方式是关注它为你带来了哪些联想或内涵意义。例如，你可能会将图像的透明度解释为微妙或某种转瞬即逝的东西。或者，可能是半透明暗示了层次和深度。或许，例如，透明度旨在暗示雾或霾。或者它意味着遮蔽，或伪装，被遮蔽或处于阴影中。

When deliberately and intentionally placed in context in a composition, the power of message and interpretation may be released and amplified. During week three and four, creating book spreads offers opportunities to discuss dynamic composition, looking at ways of establishing hierarchy, connotation and narrative. Explore and develop creating hierarchy and narrative in your own compositions, and this first-hand experience will help you to establish a criteria in order to talk about the work of others.
当有意地将信息置于作品中时，信息的力量和解读可能会被释放和放大。在第三周和第四周，创建书籍版面提供了讨论动态构图的机会，探讨建立层次、内涵和叙事的方式。探索和发展你在自己作品中的层次和叙事，这种亲身体验将帮助你建立标准，以便讨论他人的作品。

Other ways of talking about an image 其他描述图像的方式

Here's a list of suggested questions or discussion points to help frame your feedback around a peer's submission.
以下是一份建议的问题或讨论要点列表，以帮助您围绕同伴的提交构建反馈。

• What mood does the image convey?
  图片传达了什么情绪？
• What is the style of the image? For instance, is it realistic, documentary, naturalistic, or abstracted? Would you say the image is “maximal” or minimal? Is the the image constructed from organic forms or made up of predominantly geometric shapes? Is it made of loose, brushy strokes or precision lines? Is it comic-like or logo-like? Is it flat, like a Matisse cut-out, or dimensional and suggests volume? Is the image explanatory and diagrammatic, or is it gestural, suggesting movement or animation? Is the image collaged or made from found objects? Is the image very flat and in two-dimensions, or does it suggest sculptural or three-dimensional space?
  图片的风格是什么？例如，它是逼真的、纪实的、自然主义的还是抽象的？你会说这张图片是“最大”的还是“最小”的？这张图片是由有机形态构成还是主要由几何形状组成？它是用松散的、毛刷般的笔触还是精确的线条绘制而成？它是像漫画一样还是像标志一样？它是平面的，像马蒂斯的剪纸，还是有维度感，暗示体积？这张图片是解释性和图解性的，还是表现性的，暗示运动或动画？这张图片是拼贴的还是由找到的物体组成的？这张图片非常平面且是二维的，还是暗示了雕塑或三维空间？
• Is the image cropped in a dramatic way so that part of the image suggests the whole?
  是否以戏剧性的方式裁剪了图片，以至于图片的一部分暗示了整体？
• How does color function? Is the color scheme representational and naturalistic or expressionistic? Pulsating psychedelic day-glo colors or low contrast earth tones? Monochromatic or complimentary or analogous?
  颜色功能是如何工作的？颜色方案是表现主义和自然主义，还是表现主义？闪烁的迷幻荧光色或低对比度的地球色调？单色、互补色还是类似色？
• Is there a connection or reference to historical or contemporary events? Or some other reference, like a film or a book or social media? Or is the image rendered in a distinctive style of a well-known artist? How do those connections influence how you talk about an image?
  是否存在与历史或当代事件的联系或参考？或者是一些其他参考，比如电影、书籍或社交媒体？或者图像是以知名艺术家的独特风格绘制的？这些联系如何影响你谈论图像的方式？
• Could you say the image is poetic? What makes it so? Does it depict the topic in a metaphoric way? Is it ambiguous (intentionally or not?)? Could ambiguity be an imagemaking strategy? How so and in what way?
  你能说这张图片富有诗意吗？是什么让它如此？它是否以隐喻的方式描绘了主题？它是模糊的（有意还是无意）？模糊性是否可以成为一种图像制作策略？如何以及以何种方式？

Make time with other humans to develop your own creative work 安排时间与其他人类一起发展你自己的创意作品

Any chance you have to show and discuss live work, to be in the same space with other humans, is best of all. We all spend a lot of time online, but there is no substitute for the spontaneity, nuance and inspiration generated by working, discussing and critiquing your work—and that of others—in real time and physical space. Take a class or start your own imagemaking league. Meet regularly to make things, or present and talk about each others' in-progress work. This is how you can continue to develop your work: make a lot and talk about what your work means, what direction it's going. Keep experimenting, keep making.
任何有机会展示和讨论现场工作，与其他人类在同一空间中，都是最好的。我们都花费很多时间在线上，但现场工作、讨论和评论你的工作——以及他人的工作——所激发的即兴、细微之处和灵感是无法替代的。参加一个课程或开始你自己的图像制作联盟。定期聚会制作事物，或展示和讨论彼此正在进行的工作。这就是你如何继续发展你的工作：制作很多，讨论你的作品的意义，它的方向。继续实验，继续制作。