Module 01 · Introducing NoSQL
Glossary: Basics of NoSQL术语表：NoSQL 基础
Welcome! This alphabetized glossary contains many of the terms you'll find within this course. This comprehensive glossary also includes additional industry-recognized terms not used in course videos. These terms are important for you to recognize when working in the industry, participating in user groups, and participating in other certificate programs.
欢迎！这个按字母顺序排列的术语表包含了您在本课程中会发现的大部分术语。这个全面的术语表还包括了课程视频中未使用的、行业认可的术语。这些术语对于您在行业内工作、参与用户组以及参与其他认证项目时识别非常重要。
| Term 术语 | Definition 定义 |
|---|---|
| ACID | This term is an acronym for Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, and Durability, which is a set of properties that guarantee reliable processing of database transactions in traditional relational databases. 该术语是 Atomicity（原子性）、Consistency（一致性）、Isolation（隔离性）和 Durability（持久性）的缩写，这是一组保证传统关系数据库中数据库事务可靠处理的属性。 |
| Atomic | In the context of database transactions, atomic means that an operation is indivisible and either completes fully or is completely rolled back. It ensures that the database remains in a consistent state. 在数据库事务的上下文中，原子性意味着一个操作是不可分割的，要么完全完成，要么完全回滚。它确保数据库保持一致状态。 |
| BASE | An alternative to ACID. Stands for basically available, soft state, eventually consistent. BASE allows for greater system availability and scalability, sacrificing strict consistency in favor of performance. ACID 的替代方案。基本可用、软状态、最终一致性。BASE 允许更高的系统可用性和可扩展性，以性能为代价牺牲了严格一致性。 |
| Bigtable | A NoSQL database system developed by Google, designed for handling large amounts of data and providing high performance, scalability, and fault tolerance. 一个由谷歌开发的 NoSQL 数据库系统，设计用于处理大量数据，并提供高性能、可扩展性和容错能力。 |
| Caching | The temporary storage of frequently accessed data in high-speed memory reduces the need to fetch the data from the primary storage, which can significantly improve response times. 将频繁访问的数据临时存储在高速内存中，可以减少从主存储中获取数据的需求，从而显著提高响应时间。 |
| Cluster | A group of interconnected servers or nodes that work together to store and manage data in a NoSQL database, providing high availability and fault tolerance. 一组相互连接的服务器或节点，协同工作以在 NoSQL 数据库中存储和管理数据，提供高可用性和容错能力。 |
| Column database | A NoSQL database model that stores data in column families rather than tables, making it suitable for storing and querying vast amounts of data with high scalability. Examples include Apache Cassandra and HBase. 一种 NoSQL 数据库模型，以列族而非表格的形式存储数据，适用于存储和查询海量数据，具有高可扩展性。例如 Apache Cassandra 和 HBase。 |
| CRUD | CRUD is an acronym for create, read, update, and delete, which are the basic operations for interacting with and manipulating data in a database. CRUD 是创建、读取、更新和删除的缩写，这些是数据库中与数据交互和操作的基本操作。 |
| DBaaS | This acronym stands for database as a service, a cloud-based service that provides managed database hosting, maintenance, and scalability, allowing users to focus on application development without managing the database infrastructure. 这个缩写代表数据库即服务，是一种基于云的服务，提供数据库托管、维护和可扩展性，使用户能够专注于应用程序开发，而无需管理数据库基础设施。 |
| Document | A NoSQL database model that stores data in semi-structured documents, often in formats like JSON or BSON. These documents can vary in structure and are typically grouped within collections. 一种将数据存储在半结构化文档中的 NoSQL 数据库模型，通常采用 JSON 或 BSON 等格式。这些文档的结构可以不同，并且通常分组存储在集合中。 |
| Graph database | A NoSQL database model optimized for storing and querying data with complex relationships, represented as nodes and edges. Examples include Neo4j and OrientDB. 一种针对存储和查询具有复杂关系的数据而优化的 NoSQL 数据库模型，数据以节点和边的形式表示。例如 Neo4j 和 OrientDB。 |
| Horizontal scaling | The process of adding more machines or nodes to a NoSQL database to improve its performance and capacity. This is typically achieved through techniques like sharding. 向 NoSQL 数据库添加更多机器或节点以提升其性能和容量的过程。这通常通过分片等技术实现。 |
| Indexing | The creation of data structures that improve query performance by allowing the database to quickly locate specific records based on certain fields or columns. 创建数据结构以通过允许数据库根据特定字段或列快速定位特定记录来提高查询性能。 |
| JSON | JSON is an acronym for JavaScript Object Notation, a lightweight data-interchange format used in NoSQL databases and other data systems. JSON is human-readable and easy for machines to parse. JSON 是 JavaScript Object Notation 的缩写，是一种轻量级数据交换格式，用于 NoSQL 数据库和其他数据系统。JSON 是人类可读的，并且易于机器解析。 |
| Key-value | A NoSQL database model that stores data as key-value pairs. It's a simple and efficient way to store and retrieve data where each key is associated with a value. 一种将数据存储为键值对的 NoSQL 数据库模型。它是一种简单高效的数据存储和检索方式，其中每个键都与一个值相关联。 |
| Normalized | A database design practice where data is organized to minimize redundancy and maintain data integrity by breaking it into separate tables and forming relationships between them. 一种数据库设计实践，通过将数据分解到不同的表中并建立它们之间的关系，以最小化冗余并维护数据完整性。 |
| NoSQL | NoSQL stands for "not only SQL." A type of database that provides storage and retrieval of data that is modeled in ways other than the traditional relational tabular databases. NoSQL 代表“不仅 SQL”。一种数据库类型，它以与传统关系型表格数据库不同的方式对数据进行存储和检索。 |
| Sharding | Refers to the practice of partitioning a database into smaller, more manageable pieces called shards to distribute data across multiple servers. Sharding helps with horizontal scaling. 指将数据库划分为更小、更易于管理的片段，称为分片，以将数据分布在多个服务器上。分片有助于水平扩展。 |
| TTL | Stands for "Time to Live," which is a setting in NoSQL databases that determines how long a piece of data should be retained before it's automatically removed from the database. 表示"生存时间"，是 NoSQL 数据库中的一个设置，用于确定数据在自动从数据库中删除之前应保留多长时间。 |
| XML | Stands for Extensible Markup Language, another data interchange format used in some NoSQL databases. It's also human-readable and can represent structured data. 表示"可扩展标记语言"，是某些 NoSQL 数据库中使用的另一种数据交换格式。它也是人类可读的，并且可以表示结构化数据。 |