Coursera 笔记

Module 03 · Raw Material Categories and Functions

Solvents溶剂

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What Are Solvents?  什么是溶剂？

Most of us have painted something with oil or acrylic paint. You probably know that If you want to keep your brush soft and ready for another use, you put it in a solvent to rid it of the paint before drying and storing it away. Solvents are not just suitable for cleaning paint brushes; they are crucial in industries ranging from pharmaceuticals to food, textiles, and even in the manufacturing of ink and paint.
我们大多数人都曾用油画或丙烯颜料绘画过。你可能知道，如果你想保持你的画笔柔软并准备再次使用，你需要在它干燥和储存之前将其放入溶剂中，以去除颜料。溶剂不仅适用于清洁画笔；它们在从制药到食品、纺织品，甚至墨水和油漆制造等各个行业中都至关重要。

Solvents are used in cosmetics, too. If you look closely at the ingredients list, you will often find solvents at the top. They help dissolve and sometimes suspend other ingredients (Pitman, 2017) (Merriam-Webster, n.d.). Solvents are also important for the product's texture, sensory appeal, and product form, whether a cream, liquid, gel or even lipstick.
溶剂也用于化妆品中。如果你仔细查看成分表，你经常会发现溶剂排在最上面。它们有助于溶解和有时悬浮其他成分（Pitman，2017）（Merriam-Webster，n.d.）。溶剂对于产品的质地、感官吸引力和产品形式（如乳霜、液体、凝胶甚至口红）也非常重要。

Types of Solvents in Cosmetics
化妆品中的溶剂类型

We can use various solvents, including water, oils from vegetables, silicones, and types of alcohol like ethanol (Pitman, 2017). In cosmetics, we must select the right solvent or a combination thereof. We make the choice based on what we need the end product to look, feel, and act like, as well as safety considerations.
我们可以使用各种溶剂，包括水、植物油、硅油以及乙醇等类型的酒精（Pitman，2017 年）。在化妆品中，我们必须选择合适的溶剂或其组合。我们根据最终产品的外观、感觉和行为以及安全考虑来做出选择。

Water is the most widely used solvent in cosmetics due to its compatibility and skin safety. Water is often described as a universal solvent because it can dissolve many different chemicals. In nail polish, butyl acetate and ethyl acetate are commonly used because they are really good at dissolving polymers and plasticizers, providing the durable, glossy finish we see in nail polishes. Their volatility is also a plus, allowing the polish to dry quickly and enabling consumers to resume their activities without waiting too long.
水是化妆品中最常用的溶剂，因其兼容性和皮肤安全性。水常被称为万能溶剂，因为它能溶解许多不同的化学物质。在指甲油中，丁基醋酸和乙酸乙酯被广泛使用，因为它们非常擅长溶解聚合物和增塑剂，为指甲油提供了我们看到的持久、光亮的 finish。它们的挥发性也是一个优势，使指甲油能够快速干燥，并让消费者无需等待过长时间即可恢复活动。

Solvency is also an important consideration for the removal of some cosmetic products. For example, eye makeup removers may be made with oils that help dissolve the waxes in mascara and eyeliners, allowing them to be gently removed.
溶解性也是去除某些化妆品时需要考虑的重要因素。例如，眼妆卸除剂可能含有油类，有助于溶解睫毛膏和眼线笔中的蜡质，从而使其能够温和地去除。

Safety Considerations  安全注意事项

Water is a pretty safe material to work with in cosmetics. However, it's important to remember that other solvents can be harmful to human health if not handled with appropriate safety measures. For instance, when you work with acetone, a common solvent in nail polish removers, in a laboratory or factory, you must ensure good ventilation to protect workers from harmful fumes.
水在化妆品中是一种相对安全的材料。然而，必须记住，如果处理不当，其他溶剂可能对人体健康有害。例如，在实验室或工厂中使用丙酮（一种常见的指甲油去除剂溶剂）时，必须确保良好的通风，以保护工人免受有害气体的侵害。

Key Takeaways  关键要点

We need solvents in cosmetics to dissolve and mix ingredients together. While there are different types of solvents, water remains a safe and effective choice in many formulas.
我们需要在化妆品中使用溶剂来溶解和混合成分。虽然存在不同类型的溶剂，但水在许多配方中仍然是一种安全有效的选择。

References:   参考文献：