Module 03 · Components of Cloud Computing云计算的组成部分
Module 3 Glossary: Components of Cloud Computing模块 3 术语表：云计算组件
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| ACL | Access Control Lists 访问控制列表 |
| AZ | Availability Zones are distinct Data Centers with their own power, cooling and networking resources. These Zones can have names like DAL-09 or us-east-1. 可用区是具有自身电力、冷却和网络资源的独立数据中心。这些区域可以命名为 DAL-09 或 us-east-1。 |
| Bare-metal hypervisor | Installed directly on top of the physical server. They're more secure, have lower latency, and are usually the ones you see in the market the most 直接安装在物理服务器上。它们更安全，延迟更低，通常也是市场上最常见的那些 |
| Block storage | Is presented to compute nodes using high-speed fiber connections, which means that read and write speeds are typically much faster and reliable than with file storage 以高速光纤连接提供给计算节点，这意味着读写速度通常比文件存储更快、更可靠 |
| CDNs | Content Delivery Networks is a distributed server network that delivers temporarily stored, or cached, copies of website content to users based on the user’s geographic location 内容分发网络是一种分布式服务器网络，根据用户的地理位置向用户提供临时存储或缓存的网站内容副本 |
| Cloud Region | A geographic area or location where a Cloud provider’s infrastructure is clustered, and may have names like NA South or US East 地理区域或位置，其中云服务提供商的基础设施集群，可能命名为 NA South 或 US East |
| Containers | Are an executable unit of software in which application code is packaged, along with its libraries and dependencies, in common ways so that it can be run anywhere, whether it be on desktop, traditional IT, or the cloud 软件的可执行单元，其中包含了应用程序代码及其库和依赖项，以通用方式打包，以便在任何地方运行，无论是在桌面、传统 IT 还是云上 |
| Data center | A huge room or a warehouse containing cloud infrastructure 一个巨大的房间或仓库，包含云基础设施 |
| Dedicated hosts | Offer single-tenant isolation 提供单租户隔离 |
| Direct Attached storage | Or Local storage is storage which is presented directly to a cloud-based server and is effectively either within the host server chassis or within the same rack 或本地存储是直接呈现给云服务器存储，实际上位于主机服务器机箱内或同一机架内 |
| File storage | Is typically presented to compute nodes as ‘NFS Storage’. NFS stands for Network File System and means that the storage is connected to compute nodes over a standard ethernet network 通常将存储呈现给计算节点为“NFS 存储”。NFS 代表网络文件系统，意味着存储通过标准以太网连接到计算节点 |
| Hosted hypervisor | There's a layer of host OS between the physical server and the hypervisor. These hypervisors are less frequently used and mostly used for “end-user” virtualization 在物理服务器和虚拟机管理程序之间有一层宿主操作系统。这些虚拟机管理程序使用频率较低，主要用于“终端用户”虚拟化。 |
| HPC | High-performance computing 高性能计算 |
| Hypervisor | A piece of software that runs above the physical server or host 一块运行在物理服务器或主机之上的软件 |
| IOPS | Input/Output Operations Per Second and refers to the speed at which the disks can write and read data 每秒输入/输出操作次数，指磁盘读写数据的速度 |
| NFS | Network File Storage 网络文件存储 |
| Object storage | Storage not attached to a compute node, rather it is accessed via an API 存储未连接到计算节点，而是通过 API 访问 |
| Reserved virtual server | Instances allow you to reserve capacity and guarantee resources for future deployments 实例允许您预留容量并保证未来部署的资源 |
| SDN | Software Defined Networking 软件定义网络 |
| Shared or Public Cloud VMs | Are provider-managed, multi-tenant deployments that can be provisioned on-demand with predefined sizes 提供方管理的多租户部署，可按需配置预定义大小 |
| Transient or Spot VMs | Take advantage of unused capacity in a cloud data center 利用云数据中心未使用的容量 |
| Virtualization | Process of creating a software-based or virtual version of something whether that be compute, storage, networking, servers, or applications 创建基于软件或虚拟版本的某个东西的过程，无论是计算、存储、网络、服务器还是应用程序 |
| VLANs | Virtual Local Area Networks 虚拟局域网 |
| VM | Virtual machines are software-based computers, based on virtualization technologies 虚拟机是基于虚拟化技术的基于软件的计算机 |
| VPC | Virtual Private Cloud 虚拟私有云 |
| VPN | Virtual Private Networks 虚拟私人网络 |