Graded Assignment: Global Disease and Health评分作业：全球疾病与健康

The essay response should be no more than 500 words. We've included an additional 100 word space for citations, which can be abbreviated.
论文回答不应超过 500 字。我们额外提供了 100 字的引用空间，可以缩写。

Topic 1  主题 1

Jim Kim, president of the World Bank Group, ascribed much of the success of the fight against HIV/AIDs to a political movement that pushed powerful groups to deal with this health crisis. Describe at least two other examples in which political or social mobilization has had an important impact on fighting disease. How can you become a part of such a movement today?
吉姆·金，世界银行集团总裁，将抗击艾滋病/HIV 的成功很大程度上归因于一个推动强大群体应对这一健康危机的政治运动。请描述至少两个其他政治或社会动员对防治疾病具有重要影响的例子。你如何才能成为今天这样一场运动的参与者？

OR  或

Topic 2  主题 2

“Studies suggest that a third of the disease burden among children is due to environmental factors we can change.” What can you do to make others more aware of the changes that are already within reach? Describe at least two ways in which you can raise awareness of our ability to lower mortality rates among children. Try one of these actions and report.
“研究表明，儿童疾病负担的三分之一是由于我们可以改变的环境因素。”你可以做些什么来使其他人更加意识到已经可以实现的变化？请描述至少两种提高人们对我们降低儿童死亡率能力的认识的方式。尝试其中一种行动并报告。

Plagiarism Plagiarism, the misrepresentation of another person's thoughts, ideas, or expressions as your own work, is a serious offense and is considered a form of cheating. When you use the ideas or expressions of another person, you should always credit the other person. If using their exact words, you should indicate the quoted text using quotation marks, and name the originator and the work you are citing (e.g., In Partner to the Poor, Farmer states "One disturbing trend has been the use of rights language by powerful governments such as our own to justify military adventures: nothing could more effectively deprive rights language of its moral force.") When paraphrasing another person's words, thoughts, or ideas, you should also name the originator and the work (e.g., In Partner to the Poor, Farmer argues that governments undermine the moral force of rights language by using it to justify military action). In both cases, you should accurately indicate the originator's name and the original source.
剽窃 剽窃，即将他人的思想、观点或表达误作为自己的作品呈现，是一种严重违规行为，被视为一种作弊形式。当你使用他人的观点或表达时，应始终注明出处。如果使用其原话，应使用引号标明引用文本，并注明来源和所引作品（例如，在《与穷人同行》中，Farmer 指出："一个令人不安的趋势是，像我们这样的强大政府使用权利语言来为军事冒险辩护：没有什么比这更能剥夺权利语言道义力量的了。"）。在释义他人的话语、思想或观点时，也应注明来源和所引作品（例如，在《与穷人同行》中，Farmer 认为，政府通过使用权利语言来为军事行动辩护，从而削弱了其道义力量）。在这两种情况下，都应准确注明原作者姓名和原始来源。

评分标准概述

Your essay will be graded for relevance and completeness of argument, accurate use of references to the readings and lectures in support of your argument, and the clarity and organization of your writing. Keep in mind the overarching questions of the course: What do we know? Why do we care? What can we do? Be thoughtful and thorough in your response to the essay topic; construct an argument that carefully leads the reader through your ideas; and attempt to synthesize and build upon the ideas discussed in the lectures and readings. And, importantly, demonstrate steps you can take to make a positive difference in the world.
你的论文将根据论证的相关性和完整性、对阅读材料和讲座内容的准确引用以支持你的论证、以及写作的清晰度和组织性进行评分。请记住课程的总体问题：我们了解什么？我们为什么关心？我们能做什么？在回应论文主题时，要深思熟虑、全面；构建一个仔细引导读者理解你想法的论证；并尝试综合和扩展讲座和阅读中讨论的观点。重要的是，展示你可以采取的步骤来为世界带来积极影响。

评估与反馈

Evaluation Instructions  评估说明

When assessing a student’s Argument in their paper, consider the following questions: Did the student develop a point of view in the essay moving from premise to conclusion? Was there a consistent idea advanced in the essay? One that put forth a sophisticated and, if possible, controversial perspective? An essay that’s a 3 will be logical from start to finish, with a clear direction from the outset moving to a satisfying conclusion. A 2 will have faltered somewhere along the way, veered off course, made an unsupported leap in logic. A 1 will have begun on a faulty premise.
在评估学生论文中的论证时，请考虑以下问题：学生是否在论文中从前提到结论发展了观点？论文中是否始终推进了一个连贯的思想？一个提出复杂且可能具有争议性视角的思想？一篇得 3 分的论文将从头到尾逻辑清晰，从一开始就有一个明确的方向，最终达到令人满意的结论。一篇得 2 分的论文在过程中出现了失误，偏离了方向，做出了未经支持的逻辑跳跃。一篇得 1 分的论文则始于一个错误的假设。

Think of grading the argument as assessing the more sweeping idea of the paper. The Evidenceis how well that idea is supported. Consider the following questions: Did evidence from the readings, lectures, personal experience, or other credible sources effectively demonstrate the author’s main point? Were quotations well incorporated and connected back to the larger argument? Were the author’s assertions backed up by the text? An essay that’s a 3 will be supported by well-chosen examples from the readings, lectures, personal experience, or other credible sources. A 2 will have had some good examples and some that failed to convincingly prove the author’s argument. A 1 will have only little to no support, and most of the author’s assertions will have gone unfounded.
将论证评分视为评估论文中更广泛观点的过程。证据是指该观点得到支持的程度。请考虑以下问题：阅读材料、讲座、个人经历或其他可信来源的证据是否有效地证明了作者的主要观点？引用是否得当，并能够与更大的论证联系起来？作者的断言是否得到了文本的支持？一篇得 3 分的论文将得到来自阅读材料、讲座、个人经历或其他可信来源的精心选择的事例支持。得 2 分的论文将包含一些好的例子，但也有一些未能有力地证明作者的观点。得 1 分的论文将几乎没有或完全没有支持，作者的大部分断言都将缺乏根据。

Both the argument and evidence should be conveyed through clear and direct language. This brings us to Exposition. Some questions to consider: Is the author’s writing concise and easy to understand? Are paragraphs coherent? Are there any grammatical errors that impede understanding? An essay that’s a 3 will have conveyed its argument in as simple language as possible, easily relaying its points to the reader with no hiccups in the language. A 2 will have been mostly clear, except for in a few parts where the author’s language becomes cluttered, overly verbose, or grammatically challenging. A 1 will have been difficult to read through; many grammatical errors impede the flow of the author’s argument, and the sentences are hard to understand. Please remember that many of your peers are non-native English speakers. The exposition section is intended to examine the writer's ability to convey his or her ideas clearly, organize an essay logically, and make a coherent argument. Grammatical or spelling errors that do not drastically prevent readability should not receive deductions.
论点和证据都应通过清晰直白的语言传达。这引出了阐述（Exposition）。需要考虑的问题：作者的写作是否简洁易懂？段落是否连贯？是否存在语法错误阻碍理解？一篇获得 3 分的文章将尽可能用简单的语言传达其论点，毫无障碍地传递观点给读者。获得 2 分的文章大部分清晰，但在某些部分作者的语言变得杂乱、冗长或存在语法难点。获得 1 分的文章难以阅读；许多语法错误阻碍了作者论点的流畅性，句子难以理解。请记住，许多你的同伴是非英语母语者。阐述部分旨在考察作者清晰传达其想法的能力、逻辑组织文章的能力以及构建连贯论点的能力。不应因不影响阅读的语法或拼写错误而扣分。

Plagiarism When assessing a peer's work, if you suspect your peer plagiarized another person's thoughts, ideas or expressions, then you should provide evidence backing up your suspicions. For example, you might find the original (plagiarized) source on the web using a Google search of the suspicious text. Please include a link to the source in the feedback you provide your peer rather than just make an unsupported accusation.
剽窃 在评估同伴作品时，如果你怀疑同伴剽窃了他人的思想、观点或表达，那么你应该提供证据来支持你的怀疑。例如，你可以使用谷歌搜索可疑文本，在网络上找到原始（被剽窃的）来源。请在向同伴提供的反馈中包含该来源的链接，而不是仅仅做出未经证实的指控。

Argument Feedback: Did the student develop a point of view in the essay by moving from premises to conclusion using evidence and logic?
论证反馈：学生是否通过运用证据和逻辑，从前提推导出结论，在文章中形成观点？