Key Takeaways关系满意度要点

Learning Objective 5: Use different models of relationships to predict whether a relationship will be satisfying or not. 学习目标 5：使用不同的关系模型来预测一段关系是否令人满意。

After finishing this course, you should be able to:
完成本课程后，您应该能够：

• Use different models of relationships to predict whether a relationship will be satisfying or not.
  使用不同的关系模型来预测一段关系是否会令人满意。
  • Describe how mathematical models attempt to explain relationship satisfaction.
    描述数学模型如何试图解释关系满意度。
  • Apply the attachment theory of relationships to demonstrate how relationships with parents can impact adult relationships.
    应用关系附着理论来展示与父母的关系如何影响成年期的人际关系。
  • Use the variables that predict whether a relationship will be satisfying to generate suggestions for improving relationship satisfaction.
    使用预测关系是否令人满意的变量来生成提高关系满意度的建议。

Learning Objective 5 Takeaways 学习目标 5 摘要

• Social exchange theory is a mathematical model of relationships that argues that people evaluate the quality of a relationship by the benefits that that relationship gives them and the costs that the relationship requires they pay.
  社会交换理论是一种关系数学模型，认为人们通过评估关系给予他们的利益以及关系要求他们付出的代价来评价关系的质量。
  • If the costs and benefits of a person’s actual relationship are better than their comparison level (their expectations about the costs and benefits of a relationship), they will be satisfied with their relationship. If they are lower than their comparison level, they will be dissatisfied.
    如果一个人的实际关系的成本和收益优于他们的比较水平（他们对关系的成本和收益的期望），他们将对自己的关系感到满意。如果它们低于他们的比较水平，他们将感到不满意。
  • If comparison levels are unrealistic, people’s satisfaction with a relationship and their decisions about staying in or leaving a relationship can become irrational.
    如果比较水平不切实际，人们对关系的满意度以及他们关于是否留在或离开关系的决定可能会变得不合理。
• The way the investment model of relationships represents relationships is very similar to social exchange theory. However, it adds the idea of investments—resources such as money and time—that people have put into a relationship as variables that increase their commitment to the relationship.
  关系投资模型所代表的关系方式与社交交换理论非常相似。然而，它增加了投资的概念——如金钱和时间等资源，人们将这些资源投入到关系中，作为增加他们对关系承诺的变量。
• Equity theory suggests that, in addition to trying to maximize benefits and minimize the costs of relationships, people strive to be fair (equitable) in the allocations of costs and benefits so that the relationship gives each person an equivalent amount of costs and benefits.
  公平理论认为，除了试图最大化关系中的利益并最小化成本外，人们还努力在成本和利益的分配上做到公平（公平性），以便关系给每个人带来等量的成本和利益。
• Exchange relationships follow the dictates of social exchange theory, whereas people in communal relationships are more concerned with being responsive to their partner’s needs than costs and benefits.
  交换关系遵循社会交换理论，而处于社区关系中的人更关注对伴侣需求的响应，而不是成本和收益。
  • Most relationships start out as exchange relationships. If the relationship grows in intimacy, it might become communal.
    大多数关系最初都是交换关系。如果关系变得更加亲密，它可能会变成共同关系。
• The attachment theory of relationships states that the nature of adults’ relationships will be affected by their infant attachments—their relationships with their primary caregivers.
  关系依恋理论认为，成年人的关系性质会受到他们婴儿依恋的影响——即他们与主要照顾者之间的关系。
  • Secure attachments will not have any negative implications for relationships, whereas both avoidant and ambivalent attachments both have negative implications for adult relationships.
    安全附件不会对关系产生任何负面影响，而回避型和矛盾型附件都会对成年期关系产生负面影响。
• Personality characteristics (especially neuroticism, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and self-esteem) can have positive or negative effects on relationship satisfaction.
  个性特征（尤其是神经质、宜人性、责任心和自尊）可能对关系满意度产生积极或消极的影响。
• Many of the determinants of initial attraction (such as similarity) can also affect relationship satisfaction.
  许多初始吸引的决定因素（如相似性）也会影响关系满意度。

Source: https://www.coursera.org/learn/social-psychology-of-attraction-and-relationships/supplement/TTunS/key-takeaways