Key Takeaways: Foundations of Attraction and Relationships学习要点：吸引力与关系基础

Learning Objectives 学习目标

• Describe foundational concepts in the way psychology understands relationships.
  描述心理学理解关系的根本概念。
  • Explain the strengths and weaknesses of psychological models.
    解释心理模型的优缺点。
  • Differentiate between descriptive and prescriptive models.
    区分描述性模型和规范性模型。
  • List reasons why people seek relationships.
    列出人们寻求关系的原因。

Key Terms 关键术语

Here are the key terms from this module:
以下是本模块的关键术语：

• Affiliation: a beneficial social contact with another person or people.
  归属：与另一个人或人们的有益社会接触。
• Attraction: liking for another person or other object.
  吸引：对另一个人或物体的喜爱。
• Evaluation: a positive or negative appraisal of something.
  评估：对某事物的正面或负面评价。

Key Takeaways 关键要点

Here are the key takeaways from this module that will help you as you prepare for the Module Quiz:
以下是本模块的关键要点，这些要点将帮助您准备模块测验：

• Psychologists define attraction and evaluation differently from how we intuitively use those terms.
  心理学家对吸引和评估的定义与我们直觉上使用这些术语的方式不同。
  • Attraction is liking another person, object, or pet.
    吸引是喜欢另一个人、物体或宠物。
  • Evaluation is a person’s positive or negative appraisal of something. When your evaluation of someone is affected, the degree to which you like them changes.
    评估是个人对某事物的正面或负面评价。当你的评价受到影响时，你对他们的喜好程度会改变。
• Psychological models explain behavior based on scientific studies.
  心理模型基于科学研究解释行为。
  • Prescriptive models are ones that focus on how people should process information. These models describe rational ways that people could think about topics. 
    规定性模型是关注人们如何处理信息的模型。这些模型描述了人们思考主题的理性方式。
  • Descriptive models are ones that describe how people actually process information. These models often delve into people’s errors and biases.
    描述性模型是描述人们如何实际处理信息的模型。这些模型通常深入探讨人们的错误和偏见。
• Humans are motivated to create social connections that benefit them; these are called affiliations. 
  人类被激励去建立对他们有益的社会联系；这些被称为归属感。
  • Our relationships can help us manage our emotions. These connections can help alleviate the negative emotions we experience and enhance our positive emotions. 
    我们的关系可以帮助我们管理情绪。这些联系可以帮助缓解我们经历的负面情绪，并增强我们的正面情绪。
  • Forming beneficial relationships that provide positive feedback about the self can help improve our mood, self-esteem, and subjective well-being.
    建立有益的关系，提供关于自我积极的反馈，有助于改善我们的情绪、自尊和主观幸福感。
  • Social contact alone enhances our overall well-being.
    仅社交互动就能提升我们的整体幸福感。
  • When those close to us validate our feelings, known as social validation, we feel less alone. Relationships also allow us to compare ourselves with others, known as social comparison, to see how well we’re doing.
    当我们身边的人验证我们的感受，这被称为社会验证，我们会感到不那么孤独。关系也让我们能够与他人进行比较，这被称为社会比较，以了解我们做得如何。
• Affiliation also has many health benefits.
  关联也有许多健康益处。
  • Relationships help improve cardiovascular, endocrine, and immune functions. 
    关系有助于改善心血管、内分泌和免疫功能。
  • They also support a diversity of beneficial gut bacteria, and are associated with decreases in the experience of pain. 
    他们还支持多种有益的肠道细菌，并且与疼痛体验的减少有关。

Now that you’ve finished reviewing these key takeaways, you can go back and look over the material from this module or move on to take the Module Quiz. Remember to use the information you just learned when you study for the quiz. Good luck!
现在你已经完成了这些关键点的回顾，你可以回过头来复习本模块的内容，或者继续进行模块测验。记住在学习测验时使用你刚刚学到的信息。祝你好运！

Source: https://www.coursera.org/learn/social-psychology-of-attraction-and-relationships/supplement/9CZv5/key-takeaways-foundations-of-attraction-and-relationships