Module 07 · Course Summary课程总结
Key Terms关系满意度术语
Learning Objective 5: Use different models of relationships to predict whether a relationship will be satisfying or not. 学习目标 5：使用不同的关系模型来预测一段关系是否令人满意。
Understanding the following key terms will help prepare you for the cumulative quiz:
理解以下关键术语将有助于您为综合测验做好准备：
- Agreeableness: one of the Big Five personality traits that represents the tendency to act in a friendly, cooperative manner.
宜人性：五大人格特质之一，代表倾向于友好、合作的行为方式。 - Ambivalent attachment: an attachment style in which children have both positive and negative reactions to their caregiver; adults with this attachment style are more likely to be jealous and need obvious reciprocation of love.
矛盾依恋：一种儿童对照顾者既有积极又有消极反应的依恋风格；具有这种依恋风格的人更容易嫉妒，需要明显的爱的回报。 - Attachment: the emotional bond between an infant and their primary caregiver.
附件：婴儿与其主要照顾者之间的情感纽带。 - Attachment theory of relationships: the theory that suggests that the attachment a person had with their primary caregiver affects that person’s adult relationships.
人际关系依恋理论：该理论认为，一个人与其主要照顾者之间的依恋关系会影响其成年后的亲密关系。 - Avoidant attachment: an attachment style in which children are not distressed when their primary caregiver leaves, nor comforted when they return; adults with this attachment style tend to be less trusting of their partner.
回避型依恋：一种儿童在主要照顾者离开时不会感到困扰，在照顾者回来时也不会感到安慰的依恋风格；具有这种依恋风格的成年人往往对伴侣不太信任。 - Big Five: a group of five key personality traits (extraversion, neuroticism, conscientiousness, agreeableness, and openness to experience) that exert wide-ranging influences on thoughts, feelings, and behaviors.
五大人格特质：一组对思维、情感和行为产生广泛影响的五个关键人格特征（外向性、神经质、责任心、宜人性以及经验开放性）。 - Communal relationship: a relationship in which being responsive to their partner’s needs, not maximizing benefits and minimizing costs, is a person’s primary concern.
社区关系：一种以对伴侣需求做出反应、不最大化利益和最小化成本为首要关注的人的关系。 - Comparison level: the expectation that a person has for the costs and benefits of their relationships.
比较水平：一个人对其关系成本和收益的期望。 - Conscientiousness: one of the Big Five personality traits that represents the tendency to act in a responsible, careful manner.
责任心：五大人格特质之一，代表倾向于以负责任、谨慎的方式行事。 - Equity theory: the theory that people’s relationship satisfaction is determined by how closely the costs and benefits of each partner match.
公平理论：人们的关系满意度取决于每个伴侣的成本和收益是否匹配得紧密。 - Exchange relationship: relationships where costs and benefits are tracked and used to determine satisfaction.
交换关系：跟踪成本和收益以确定满意度的关系。 - Extraversion: one of the Big Five personality traits that represents the tendency to focus on external stimuli (e.g., other people) as opposed to internal stimuli (e.g., thoughts, memories).
外向性：五大人格特质之一，代表倾向于关注外部刺激（例如，其他人）而非内部刺激（例如，思想、记忆）。 - Investment: the amount of resources (e.g., time, energy, money) that a person puts into a relationship.
投资：个人投入关系中的资源（例如，时间、精力、金钱）的量。 - Investment model: a model that suggests that commitment to their current relationship is a function of a person’s satisfaction with the relationship, the availability of alternate relationships, and their investment in the relationship.
投资模型：一种表明对当前关系的承诺是个人对关系的满意度、替代关系的可用性以及他们在关系中的投入的函数的模型。 - Neuroticism: one of the Big Five personality traits that represents the tendency to experience emotional instability and have abundant negative emotions; also called negative emotionality
神经质：五大人格特质之一，代表经历情绪不稳定和拥有大量负面情绪的倾向；也称为负面情绪性. - Openness to experience: one of the Big Five personality traits that represents the tendency to seek out and enjoy new experiences and situations.
开放性是五大人格特质之一，代表着寻求和享受新经验和情境的倾向。 - Secure attachment: an attachment style in which infants form a trusting relationship with their primary caregiver, believing that the caregiver will be present to meet their needs.
安全依恋：婴儿与其主要照顾者之间形成信任关系的依恋风格，相信照顾者会出现在身边满足他们的需求。 - Self-esteem: a person’s level of liking or disliking of themselves.
自尊：一个人对自己喜欢或不喜欢自己的程度。 - Social exchange theory: a theory of relationships that suggests that people evaluate the quality of their relationships based on the benefits they provide and the costs they extract.
社会交换理论：一种关于关系的理论，该理论认为人们根据他们提供的好处和提取的成本来评估他们关系的质量。