Key Takeaways: Determinants of Initial Attraction学习要点：初始吸引的决定因素

Learning Objectives 学习目标

• Identify how each of the four determinants of initial attraction works.
  确定每个初始吸引的四个决定因素是如何起作用的。
  • Explain the mechanisms by which propinquity, similarity, physical attractiveness, and reciprocal liking affect initial attraction.
    解释亲近感、相似性、外貌吸引力和相互喜欢如何影响初次吸引的机制。
  • Give examples of how you could use propinquity, similarity, physical attractiveness, and reciprocal liking to increase people’s initial attraction to you.
    提供如何利用亲近感、相似性、外貌吸引力和相互喜欢来增加人们对你的初始吸引力的例子。

Key Terms 关键术语

Here are the key terms from this module:
以下是本模块的关键术语：

• Matching hypothesis: the idea that people seek out relationships with partners who match their level of attractiveness.
  匹配假设：人们寻求与自身吸引力水平相匹配的伴侣关系。
• Mere exposure effect: a psychological phenomenon in which repeated exposure to something causes people to like it more.
  仅暴露效应是一种心理现象，指反复接触某物会导致人们更加喜欢它。
• Propinquity: frequency of exposure, or psychological or physical closeness, to other people. It leads to greater liking.
  亲近性：接触频率，或心理或身体上的接近，与他人。这导致更喜欢。
• Reciprocal liking: the perception that another person likes us, which leads us to like that person.
  互惠喜爱：感知到另一个人喜欢我们，这使我们喜欢那个人。
• Self-fulfilling prophecy: a situation in which a person’s expectations make themselves come true. 
  自我实现的预言：一个人对事物的预期使其成为现实的情况。
• Similarity: sharing common attributes with other people, such as attitudes and personality traits. It leads to greater liking.
  相似性：与他人共享共同属性，如态度和性格特征。这导致更喜欢。

Key Takeaways 关键要点

Here are the key takeaways from this module that will help you as you prepare for the Module Quiz:
以下是本模块的关键要点，这些要点将帮助您准备模块测验：

• Four of the primary determinants of initial attraction are propinquity, similarity, physical attractiveness, and reciprocal liking. These factors influence the development of friendships and close relationships.
  四个影响初始吸引的主要因素是邻近性、相似性、外貌吸引力和相互喜欢。这些因素影响友谊和亲密关系的发展。
• Propinquity is how frequently we’re exposed to another person.
  亲近度是指我们接触另一个人的频率。
  • In one study, researchers found that residents in an apartment building tended to like the people they repeatedly encountered the most. In addition to demonstrating the effect of propinquity on initial attraction, these findings highlight the mere exposure effect, a phenomenon in which repeated exposure to something causes people to like it.
    在一项研究中，研究人员发现公寓楼居民往往喜欢他们反复遇到的人。除了表明邻近性对初始吸引的影响外，这些发现还突出了仅仅暴露效应，这是一种重复接触某物导致人们喜欢它的现象。
  • In another study, researchers found that the perceived attractiveness of research assistants varied depending on how often they attended a class. The more frequently the assistants attended the class, the higher their attractiveness ratings were among their classmates, demonstrating that frequent exposure to someone or something increases likeability.
    在另一项研究中，研究人员发现，研究助理的感知吸引力取决于他们参加课程的频率。助理参加课程越频繁，他们在同学中的吸引力评分就越高，这表明频繁接触某人或某物会增加其受欢迎程度。
• We tend to like people who are similar to us more than those who are less so. In fact, similarity is one of the strongest predictors of attraction.
  我们倾向于更喜欢与我们相似的人，而不是不那么相似的人。事实上，相似性是吸引力最强的预测因素之一。
  • Similarity in attraction means having various aspects in common, such as personality traits, attitudes, hobbies, values, and physical attractiveness.
    相似之处意味着在多个方面有共同点，例如性格特征、态度、爱好、价值观和外表吸引力。
  • Studies have found that perceived similarity may predict liking even more than actual similarity does.
    研究发现，感知相似度可能比实际相似度更能预测喜好。
  • Similarity in emotions and personality is important for relationship satisfaction. 
    情感和个性的相似性对关系满意度很重要。
• Physical attractiveness is a major determinant of friendship and attraction. It has a substantial influence regardless of variations in individual characteristics, such as age, profession, and social context.
  外貌吸引力是友谊和吸引力的主要决定因素。它对个体特征的变化，如年龄、职业和社会环境，具有重大影响。
  • Facial symmetry influences ratings of beauty. Studies show that more symmetrical faces are rated as more attractive.
    面部对称影响美丽评分。研究表明，对称度更高的面部被认为更吸引人。
  • People with average features—rather than unique ones—are considered more attractive.
    具有普通特征的人——而不是独特特征的人——被认为更有吸引力。
  • People tend to form relationships with partners who they perceive as matching them in attractiveness, known as the matching hypothesis
    人们倾向于与他们认为在吸引力上与自己相匹配的伴侣建立关系，这被称为匹配假设.
  • Studies show that both women and men strongly and equally base their impressions of others on physical attractiveness.
    研究表明，男性和女性都同样强烈地根据他人的外貌吸引力来形成印象。
• Reciprocal liking is another strong determinant of friendship and attraction. When someone likes us, we are more likely to like that person back.
  相互喜欢是友谊和吸引力的另一个强有力决定因素。当有人喜欢我们时，我们更有可能回喜欢那个人。
  • Reciprocal liking can create a self-fulfilling prophecy, leading us to behave in a certain way (e.g., treat someone nicely) and, in turn, compelling the other person to respond similarly (e.g., treat us nicely).
    相互喜爱可以创造一种自我实现的预言，导致我们以某种方式行事（例如，友好对待某人），进而迫使对方以类似的方式回应（例如，友好对待我们）。

Now that you’ve finished reviewing these key takeaways, you can go back and look over the material from this module or move on to take the Module Quiz. Remember to use the information you just learned when you study for the quiz. Good luck!
现在你已经完成了这些关键点的回顾，你可以回过头来复习本模块的内容，或者继续进行模块测验。记住在学习测验时使用你刚刚学到的信息。祝你好运！

Source: https://www.coursera.org/learn/social-psychology-of-attraction-and-relationships/supplement/6VPxI/key-takeaways-determinants-of-initial-attraction