Key Terms关键术语：去个体化

Learning Objective 4: Explain how deindividuation alters group behavior. 学习目标 4：解释去个性化如何改变群体行为。

Understanding the following key terms will help prepare you for the cumulative quiz.
理解以下关键术语将有助于您为综合测验做好准备。

Cyberbullying: Threatening or harassing behavior directed towards people in a relatively disadvantaged  situation conducted through electronic technology, such as cell phones, e-mail, text messaging, social media platforms, online gaming communities, and online forums and chat rooms.
网络霸凌：通过电子技术（如手机、电子邮件、短信、社交媒体平台、在线游戏社区、在线论坛和聊天室）针对处于相对不利地位的人进行的威胁或骚扰行为。

Deindividuation: A loss of self-awareness and self-restraint, resulting in impulsive and antisocial behavior, due to anonymity and immersion in a group.
去个性化：由于匿名性和沉浸在群体中，导致自我意识和自我约束的丧失，从而产生冲动和反社会行为。

Diffusion of responsibility: A diminished sense of responsibility that can occur in groups and crowded social settings resulting in impulsive and antisocial behavior and feeling less accountability. 
责任扩散：在群体和拥挤的社会环境中可能出现的责任感降低，导致冲动和反社会行为，以及责任感减弱。

Prosocial behaviors: Behaviors that benefit one or more people, such as providing assistance to an older person crossing the street, or calling for help after witnessing an accident.
亲社会行为：有利于一个人或更多人的行为，例如帮助老年人过马路，或者在目睹事故后呼救。

Social identity: The part of the sense of self, or self-concept, derived from memberships in particular social groups, ranging from family to nationality.
社会身份：从特定社会群体（从家庭到国籍）的成员资格中衍生出的自我意识或自我概念的一部分。

Social identity and deindividuation effects (SIDE) model: A model that describes how individuals who are part of a crowd may shift their focus from social norms (e.g., general social rules, such as treat others kindly and with respect) to group norms, which may be negative (violence) or positive (helping).
社会认同与去个体化效应（SIDE）模型：描述个体作为群体一员时，如何将关注点从社会规范（例如，普遍的社会规则，如友善和尊重他人）转移到群体规范，这些规范可能是负面的（如暴力）或正面的（如帮助）。

Source: https://www.coursera.org/learn/psychology-of-group-behaviors/supplement/k3Hx8/key-terms