Key Terms关键术语：群体思维

Learning Objective 8: Describe the causes and consequences of groupthink. 学习目标 8：描述群体思维的原因和后果。

Understanding the following key terms will help prepare you for the cumulative quiz.
理解以下关键术语将有助于您为综合测验做好准备。

Critical evaluator: A group member assigned the task of objectively evaluating ideas on their own merits, rather than based on whose ideas they are or their popularity.
关键评估者：被分配客观评估想法的任务的小组成员，而不是基于他们的想法是谁或他们的受欢迎程度。

Devil’s advocate: A group member who is tasked with offering arguments against proposed positions and suggesting ideas contrary to the group’s position.
魔鬼的代言人：被指派提出反对提议立场并建议与小组立场相反观点的小组成员。

Direct pressure on dissenters: A symptom of groupthink in which group members who express dissent are pressured to change their minds.
直接对持不同意见者施压：群体思维的一种症状，其中表达不同意见的群体成员受到压力，被迫改变他们的想法。

Feelings of invulnerability: A symptom of groupthink in which group members are excessively optimistic and certain they will be successful. 
感觉无敌：群体思维的一种症状，其中群体成员过度乐观，确信自己会成功。

Groupthink: A tendency for  groups to want to maintain group cohesiveness by exerting pressure on group members to reach agreement, without critically evaluating the quality of the decision.
群体思维：群体倾向于通过向成员施加压力以达成一致，而不对决策质量进行批判性评估，以维持群体凝聚力的一种倾向。

Illusion of unanimity: A symptom of groupthink in which group members believe they are all in agreement.
一致性的错觉：群体思维的一种症状，其中群体成员认为他们所有人都达成一致。

Inherent morality: A symptom of groupthink in which group members believe they are doing the “right” thing and do not question the ethics or morality of their decision.
固有道德：群体思维的一种症状，其中群体成员认为他们在做“正确”的事情，并不质疑他们决策的伦理或道德。

Mindguards: A symptom of groupthink in which group members shield the group from contradictory information or opposition.
心智守卫：群体思维的一种症状，其中群体成员保护群体免受矛盾信息或反对。

Rationalization: A symptom of groupthink in which group members make excuses for their decision.
合理化：群体思维的一种症状，其中群体成员为自己的决定找借口。

Self-censorship: A symptom of groupthink in which group members stop themselves from bringing up opinions that contradict the apparent group consensus.
自我审查：群体思维的一种症状，其中群体成员会阻止自己提出与明显群体共识相矛盾的意见。

Stereotyped views of the opposition: A symptom of groupthink in which group members believe that those who oppose them are stupid, weak, or otherwise deficient.
刻板印象的反对派观点：群体思维的一种症状，其中群体成员认为反对他们的人是愚蠢的、脆弱的或存在其他缺陷。

Source: https://www.coursera.org/learn/psychology-of-group-behaviors/supplement/dhODz/key-terms