Key Takeaways学习要点：自我概念

Learning Objective 2: Describe how the self-concept can influence our thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. 学习目标 2：描述自我概念如何影响我们的想法、感受和行为。

After finishing this course, you should be able to: 
完成这门课程后，你应该能够：

• Describe how the self-concept can influence our thoughts, feelings, and behaviors.
  描述自我概念如何影响我们的思想、情感和行为。
  • Differentiate between the self-concept and the working self-concept.
    区分自我概念和工作自我概念。
  • Explain how the contents of the self-concept can change how we think, feel, and act in different situations.
    解释自我概念的内容如何在不同情况下改变我们的思考、感受和行为。
  • Identify different factors that influence the contents of the self-concept.
    识别影响自我概念内容的不同因素。
  • Describe the factors that might make us act inconsistently with our self-concept.
    描述可能导致我们的行为与自我概念不一致的因素。

Learning Objective 2 Takeaways 学习目标 2 要点

• The self-concept is the portion of the self that contains all of a person’s self-knowledge, including their autobiographical memories, social roles, likes and dislikes, and self-esteem.
  自我概念是指包含一个人所有自我知识的自我部分，包括他们的自传性记忆、社会角色、喜好和厌恶以及自尊。
  • The “I Am” task is a straightforward way to identify some of the components of the self-concept.
    “我是”任务是一种简单直接的方法来识别自我概念的一些组成部分。
  • Because the self-concept contains so much information, it is not possible to keep all of it in mind at the same time. Therefore, only a portion of it, called the working self-concept, is active at any given time.
    因为自我概念包含大量信息，所以不可能同时记住所有信息。因此，其中只有一部分，称为工作自我概念，在任何给定时间都是活跃的。
  • If portions of the self-concept are chronically accessible, they remain in the working self-concept all the time.
    如果自我概念的部分长期可访问，它们始终存在于工作自我概念中。
  • Self-concepts are often represented as associative networks containing information stored in nodes that are linked to each other.
    自我概念通常被表示为包含存储在相互连接的节点中的信息的关联网络。
• The self-concept can influence our thoughts, feelings, and behaviors in many ways.
  自我概念可以以多种方式影响我们的思想、情感和行为。
  • The contents of the working self-concept can increase our attention to and memory for related concepts.
    工作自我概念的内容可以增强我们对相关概念的注意力和记忆力。
  • Whether we are focusing on our ideal self or ought self can affect our emotional reactions to failure.
    我们关注理想自我还是应该自我，可能会影响我们对失败的情绪反应。
  • We will often behave in ways designed to protect our self-esteem.
    我们通常会以保护自尊心为目的行事。
• Factors such as a person’s gender, culture, and family can strongly influence the development of a person’s self-concept. Social comparisons (such as upward social comparisons and downward social comparisons) can also impact a person’s self-concept.
  个人性别、文化、家庭等因素会强烈影响一个人的自我概念发展。社会比较（如向上社会比较和向下社会比较）也会影响一个人的自我概念。
• The culture in which people live can influence the contents of their self-concept.
  人们生活的文化可以影响他们的自我概念内容。
  • People from collectivistic cultures often have prominent interdependent self-concepts. These self-concepts emphasize the person’s relationships with other people and highlight the abilities, attributes, achievements, and other characteristics of the groups to which the person belongs, as opposed to emphasizing the person’s individual achievements.
    来自集体主义文化的人们通常具有突出的相互依存自我概念。这些自我概念强调个人与其他人的关系，并突出个人所属群体的能力、属性、成就和其他特征，而不是强调个人的个人成就。
  • People from individualistic cultures often have prominent independent self-concepts. These self-concepts emphasize the person’s individual abilities, attributes, achievements, and other characteristics.
    来自个人主义文化的人们通常具有突出的独立自我概念。这些自我概念强调个人的能力、属性、成就和其他特征。
• Factors outside the self can impact the degree to which a person acts consistently with their self-concept.
  外部因素可能影响一个人行为与其自我概念一致的程度。
  • When people are in a state of high objective self-awareness, they tend to act consistently with the beliefs and values contained in their self-concepts. When their self-awareness is lower, they are more likely to act inconsistently with those beliefs and values.
    当人们处于高度客观的自我意识状态时，他们往往会按照自我概念中包含的信念和价值观行事。当他们的自我意识较低时，他们更有可能不按照这些信念和价值观行事。
  • People who are high on the personality variable self-monitoring tend to change their behavior to fit the situation, thus leaving less room for the self to control their behavior.
    人们在高自我监控的人格变量上往往改变自己的行为以适应环境，从而留给自我控制行为的空间更少。

Source: https://www.coursera.org/learn/psychology-of-the-self/supplement/RSHIl/key-takeaways