Accuracy准确性动机

Overview 概述

The final motive to discuss is perhaps the most straightforward of the three. The accuracy motive pushes us to seek out objectively accurate information about the self. Unlike the self-enhancement motive, the accuracy motive is unconcerned with whether the information we receive is positive or negative. And, unlike the self-verification motive, the accuracy motive is unconcerned with whether the information we receive is consistent or inconsistent with our prevailing ideas about ourselves. This motive pushes us to be a completely unbiased information seeker.
讨论的最终动机可能是三者中最直接的。准确性动机推动我们寻求关于自我的客观准确信息。与自我提升动机不同，准确性动机不关心我们接收到的信息是积极的还是消极的。而且，与自我验证动机不同，准确性动机也不关心我们接收到的信息是否与我们关于自我的现有观念一致或不一致。这种动机推动我们成为一个完全无偏见的寻求信息者。

Much of the research on the accuracy motive focuses on giving participants the option of taking one of several tests that are said to measure mental abilities. Researchers tell participants that some tests will be diagnostic of their abilities (thus giving them accurate information about the self) and others will be less diagnostic (such as a test that is still in development). In general, participants select the diagnostic test, suggesting that, when investing time in finding out information about the self, people want the information to be an accurate reflection of their true abilities (Strube et al., 1986).
许多关于准确性动机的研究集中在给参与者选择参加几个据说可以测量心理能力的测试之一。研究人员告诉参与者，一些测试将诊断他们的能力（从而给他们提供关于自我的准确信息），而其他测试则不那么具有诊断性（例如仍在开发中的测试）。总的来说，参与者会选择诊断性测试，这表明，当人们投入时间来了解自己的信息时，他们希望这些信息能够准确反映他们的真实能力（Strube 等人，1986 年）。

When Do We Seek Accuracy? 我们何时追求准确性？

As with the other motives for receiving self-relevant information, the desire for accurate feedback (as opposed to enhancing or verifying feedback) waxes and wanes based on the demands of the current situation. Perhaps not surprisingly, the situational factors that encourage people to seek accurate information about the self focus mostly on the consequences of the information on future success or failure on a task. Overall, situations in which (a) the task that a person is completing is perceived as important and (b) performance on the task is able to be improved are most likely to lead people to seek accurate feedback (Dunning, 1995). For example, a student receiving feedback on the rough draft of her term paper would be well-advised to seek accurate (as opposed to unconditionally supportive) feedback because the accurate feedback would give her the best opportunity to improve her grade on the final paper. But, if that same student had already submitted the paper and couldn’t change what she’d written, she would be likely to prefer enhancing feedback because accurate feedback would be unlikely to help her in any meaningful way.
与其他接收自我相关信息的动机一样，对准确反馈的渴望（与增强或验证反馈相对）会根据当前情况的需求而起伏。也许并不令人惊讶，鼓励人们寻求关于自我准确信息的情境因素主要关注信息对未来任务成功或失败的影响。总的来说，以下情况最有可能导致人们寻求准确反馈：（a）人们认为他们正在完成的任务很重要；（b）任务的表现能够得到改善（Dunning，1995）。例如，一个正在接受其学期论文草稿反馈的学生最好寻求准确（而不是无条件支持）的反馈，因为准确的反馈会给她提供最好的机会来提高最终论文的分数。但是，如果同样的学生已经提交了论文并且无法更改她所写的内容，她可能会更倾向于增强反馈，因为准确的反馈不太可能以任何有意义的方式帮助她。

Source: https://www.coursera.org/learn/psychology-of-the-self/supplement/yHTXT/accuracy