Module 06 · Course Summary
Key Takeaways学习要点：自尊心本质
Learning Objective 4: Explain the nature of self-esteem. 学习目标 4：解释自尊的本质。
After finishing this course, you should be able to:
完成这门课程后，你应该能够：
- Explain the nature of self-esteem.
解释自尊的本质。- Differentiate state and trait self-esteem.
区分状态和特质自尊。 - Differentiate self-esteem, self-efficacy, and narcissism.
区分自尊、自信和自恋。 - Explain how the nature of self-esteem varies between cultures.
解释自尊在不同文化中的差异。
- Differentiate state and trait self-esteem.
Learning Objective 4 Takeaways 学习目标 4 要点
- Self-esteem is our subjective evaluation of our self-worth—in particular, our assessment of whether or not we are a good, valuable person. There is more than one type of self-esteem:
自尊是我们对自己价值的主体评价——特别是我们对自己是否是一个好、有价值的人的评估。自尊不止一种类型：- Trait self-esteem is an evaluation of our self-worth that is stable over time. It acts like a facet of our personality.
特质自尊是对我们自我价值的评价，它在时间上是稳定的。它就像我们个性的一面。 - State self-esteem changes in response to situations that impact our perceptions of our self-worth.
国家自尊心会随着影响我们自我价值感知的情况而变化。
- Trait self-esteem is an evaluation of our self-worth that is stable over time. It acts like a facet of our personality.
- Self-esteem is related to, but fundamentally different from, mood, self-efficacy, and narcissism:
自尊与情绪、自我效能感和自恋有关，但本质上不同：- Mood changes as our overall feelings switch between positive and negative; it is not necessarily related to our feelings of self-worth.
情绪变化，因为我们的整体感受在积极和消极之间切换；这并不一定与我们的自我价值感有关。 - Self-efficacy refers to the belief that we have the abilities necessary to complete a task; however, our abilities may not be tied to our self-worth.
自我效能感是指我们相信自己具备完成任务的必要能力；然而，我们的能力可能并不与我们的自我价值挂钩。 - Narcissism involves feelings of superiority over others, while high self-esteem involves positive evaluations of our own worth.
自恋涉及对他人优越感的感受，而高自尊则涉及对我们自身价值的积极评价。
- Mood changes as our overall feelings switch between positive and negative; it is not necessarily related to our feelings of self-worth.
- Various influences upon self-esteem exist.
各种影响自尊的因素存在。- Self-esteem has roots in childhood, and the dimensions upon which our self-worth is based are influenced by our caregivers.
自尊源于童年，我们自我价值的基础维度受到我们照顾者的 影响。 - Intrinsic sources of information and (especially) extrinsic sources of information can impact our state self-esteem.
内在信息来源和（尤其是）外在信息来源可能会影响我们的自我价值感。 - Two interventions have been shown to positively impact psychological well-being, and thus trait self-esteem: mindfulness and the best possible selves (BPS) procedure
两项干预已被证明可以积极影响心理健康，从而提高特质自尊：正念和最佳自我（BPS）程序.
- Self-esteem has roots in childhood, and the dimensions upon which our self-worth is based are influenced by our caregivers.
- Western cultures and Eastern cultures show consistent differences in how self-esteem is formed and how it operates.
西方文化与东方文化在自尊的形成和运作方式上表现出持续的差异。- People in Western cultures tend to have higher self-esteem than those in Eastern cultures, largely due to the fact that Western cultures tend to value high self-esteem as a goal in and of itself, whereas Eastern cultures value self-improvement and the respect of peers.
西方文化中的人往往比东方文化中的人自尊心更高，这主要是因为西方文化往往将高自尊视为一个目标本身，而东方文化则重视自我提升和同侪的尊重。 - In Western cultures, low self-esteem is linked with negative traits such as aggression, depression, and antisocial behavior, whereas these links are not seen in Eastern cultures.
在西方文化中，低自尊与攻击性、抑郁和反社会行为等负面特征相关联，而在东方文化中则没有看到这些联系。
- People in Western cultures tend to have higher self-esteem than those in Eastern cultures, largely due to the fact that Western cultures tend to value high self-esteem as a goal in and of itself, whereas Eastern cultures value self-improvement and the respect of peers.
Source: https://www.coursera.org/learn/psychology-of-the-self/supplement/dNPzM/key-takeaways