Coursera 笔记

Module 01 · What Is the Self?

Key Takeaways: What Is the Self?学习要点：自我概述

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Learning Objectives 学习目标

  • Differentiate between our common-sense understanding of what the self is and the scientific meaning of the self.
    区分我们对自我的常识理解和自我在科学中的含义。
    • Explain what it means to say the self is a collection of information.
      解释说自我是一系列信息的集合意味着什么。
    • Explain what it means to say the self is a set of processes.
      解释“自我是一系列过程”的含义
    • Give examples of how psychologists study the self.
      提供心理学家如何研究自我的例子。

Key Terms 关键词

Here are the key terms from this module:
以下是本模块的关键术语：

  • Collection of information: an aspect of the self that refers to the fact that the self contains all of our self-knowledge, including autobiographical memories, our likes and dislikes, and our feelings about ourselves.
    信息收集：自我的一部分，指的是自我包含我们所有的自我知识，包括自传性记忆、我们的喜好和厌恶以及我们对自己的感受。
  • Set of processes: an aspect of the self that refers to the fact that the self can initiate or affect many different mental actions that, in turn, affect our thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. 
    过程集合：自我的一种方面，指的是自我可以发起或影响许多不同的心理活动，这些活动反过来又影响我们的思想、情感和行为。

Key Takeaways 关键要点

Here are the key takeaways from this module that will help you as you prepare for the Module Quiz:
以下是本模块的关键要点，这些要点将帮助您在准备模块测验时：

  • Like philosophers before them, modern psychologists break the self down into two interrelated parts:
    像他们之前的哲学家一样，现代心理学家将自我分解为两个相互关联的部分：
    • the self as a collection of information; and
      自我作为信息的集合；
    • the self as a set of processes.
      自我作为一个过程集合。
  • The self as a collection of information refers to the fact that the self contains all of our self-knowledge, including autobiographical memories, our likes and dislikes, and our feelings about ourselves.
    自我作为一个信息集合，指的是自我包含了我们所有的自我知识，包括自传性记忆、我们的喜好和厌恶，以及我们对自己的感受。
    • Asking people to report the contents of their working self-concept using the “I Am” task is one simple, effective way of learning about the self-knowledge people have.
      询问人们使用“我是”任务报告他们工作自我概念的内容，这是一种简单有效了解人们自我知识的方法。
  • The self as a set of processes refers to the fact that the self can initiate or affect many different mental actions that, in turn, affect our thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. We have seen several examples of this, including:
    自我作为一个过程集合，指的是自我可以启动或影响许多不同的心理活动，这些活动反过来又影响我们的思想、情感和行为。我们已看到几个这样的例子，包括：
    • the study illustrating that people with high self-esteem experienced little to no decrease in feelings of self-worth in the face of failure, whereas people with low self-esteem had lower feelings of self-worth after failing than after success; and
      研究表明，自尊心高的人在面对失败时几乎没有任何自我价值感的下降，而自尊心低的人在失败后的自我价值感比成功后要低；
    • the basking in reflected glory (BIRGing) study that illustrated people changed their behavior (wore school-themed clothing) in order to improve their self-esteem.
      在反射性荣耀（BIRGing）研究中，展示了人们为了提高自尊而改变行为（穿校服）。
  • As the previous key takeaways have shown, many different methods can be used when studying the self. These include observing people’s behavior and asking them about their thoughts and feelings.
    正如前面的要点所示，研究自我时可以采用许多不同的方法。这包括观察人们的行为并询问他们的想法和感受。

Now that you’ve finished reviewing these key takeaways, you can go back and look over the material from this module or move on to take the Module Quiz. Remember to use the information you just learned when you study for the quiz. Good luck!
现在你已经完成了这些关键点的回顾，你可以回到这个模块的资料中复习，或者继续进行模块测验。记得在准备测验时使用你刚刚学到的信息。祝你好运！

Source: https://www.coursera.org/learn/psychology-of-the-self/supplement/7kBo7/key-takeaways-what-is-the-self