Key Takeaways: Motives of the Self学习要点：自我动机

Learning Objectives 学习目标

• Explain the role that the self plays in processing self-relevant information.
  解释自我在处理自我相关信息中的作用。
  • Identify evidence that we do not always process self-relevant information objectively.
    识别我们并非总是客观处理自我相关信息的证据。
  • Differentiate the three motives for processing self-relevant information.
    区分处理自我相关信息的三种动机。
  • Explain the three positive illusions that self-enhancement causes.
    解释自我提升导致的三个积极错觉。
  • Give examples of factors that can shift which self-relevant motivation we pursue.
    提供可以改变我们追求哪种自我相关动机的因素的例子。

Key Terms 关键词

Here are the key terms from this module:
以下是本模块的关键术语：

• Accuracy: a self-motive focused on seeking accurate information about the self.
  准确性：关注寻求自我准确信息的自我动机。
• Positive illusions: three categories of inaccurate beliefs people have that come from the tendency to self-enhance. They include when a person (a) believes they are better than they actually are, (b) expects more positive outcomes for themself than is rational, and (c) overestimates the amount of control they have over their outcomes.
  积极错觉：人们由于自我提升的倾向而拥有的三种不准确信念。包括：（a）一个人认为自己比实际情况更好，（b）对自己期望比理性更多的积极结果，以及（c）高估自己对结果的掌控程度。
• Self-enhancement: a self-motive focused on seeking positive information about the self as well as attempting to avoid, ignore, or counterargue negative information.
  自我提升：关注寻求关于自身的积极信息，并试图避免、忽视或反驳消极信息的一种自我动机。
• Self-verification: a self-motive focused on seeking a sense of stability and coherence in one’s understanding of the self. It causes people to seek out information that is consistent with their current self-concept.
  自我验证：一种以寻求自我理解中的稳定性和连贯性为动机的自我驱动。它使人们寻求与当前自我概念一致的信息。

Key Takeaways 关键要点

Here are the key takeaways from this module that will help you as you prepare for the Module Quiz:
以下是本模块的关键要点，这些要点将帮助您在准备模块测验时：

•  Three self-motives can influence the type of self-relevant information that we seek out and accept as true.
  三种自我动机可以影响我们寻求和接受为真的自我相关信息类型。
  • The self-enhancement motive leads us to seek out and accept positive information about the self in an effort to create and maintain a positive view of the self.
    自我提升的动机驱使我们寻求并接受关于自我的积极信息，以创造并维持对自我的积极看法。
    • Focusing on positive information and ignoring negative information about the self can lead to three positive illusions about the self: possessing overly positive self-evaluations, overestimating the amount of control we have over situations, and predicting overly positive outcomes for ourselves.
      关注积极信息，忽略关于自己的消极信息，可能导致关于自己的三种积极错觉：拥有过于积极的自我评价、高估我们对情境的控制力，以及预测过于积极的自我结果。
    • The self-enhancement motive is stronger in some cultures than in others. In particular, people from Western cultures tend to self-enhance significantly more than people from cultures in East Asia.
      自我提升的动机在某些文化中比其他文化更强。特别是，来自西方文化的人比来自东亚文化的人更倾向于显著地自我提升。
  • The self-verification motive leads us to seek out and accept information about the self that confirms what we believe about the self.
    自我验证动机使我们寻求并接受关于自我的信息，以证实我们对自己所相信的事情。
    • Focusing on information consistent with our self-concept promotes coherence within the self and a feeling that we know ourselves. 
      关注与我们自我概念一致的信息，有助于自我内部的连贯性，以及一种我们了解自己的感觉。
    • The self-beliefs that we seek to confirm may be accurate or inaccurate.
      我们所寻求确认的自我信念可能是准确的或是不准确的。
  • The accuracy motive leads us to seek out and accept information that we believe to be accurate descriptors of the self.
    准确性动机使我们寻求并接受我们认为能准确描述自我的信息。
• Different types of information can make each motive stronger or weaker.
  不同类型的信息可以使每个动机更强或更弱。
  • Receiving negative information about the self can increase the self-enhancement motive.
    接收关于自我的负面信息可能会增加自我提升的动机。
  • Receiving information about the self that is inconsistent with the self-concept can increase the self-verification motive.
    接收到的关于自我的信息与自我概念不一致，可能会增加自我验证动机。
  • Facing an important situation in which we will be evaluated and we believe accurate feedback will improve our performance can increase the accuracy motive.
    面对我们将被评估的重要情况，我们相信准确的反馈可以提高我们的表现，这可以增强准确性动机。

Now that you’ve finished reviewing these key takeaways, you can go back and look over the material from this module or move on to take the Module Quiz. Remember to use the information you just learned when you study for the quiz. Good luck!
现在你已经完成了这些关键点的回顾，你可以回到这个模块的资料中复习，或者继续进行模块测验。记得在准备测验时使用你刚刚学到的信息。祝你好运！

Source: https://www.coursera.org/learn/psychology-of-the-self/supplement/jh0oF/key-takeaways-motives-of-the-self