Key Terms关键术语：自我概念

Learning Objective 2: Describe how the self-concept can influence our thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. 学习目标 2：描述自我概念如何影响我们的想法、感受和行为。

Understanding the following key terms will help prepare you for the cumulative quiz:
理解以下关键术语将有助于您为综合测验做好准备：

• Actual self: a representation of the self showing how we believe we currently are.
  实际自我：展示我们认为自己目前是怎样的自我的一种自我表现。
• Associative network: a way of representing how information is stored in memory.
  关联网络：表示信息在内存中存储的方式。
• Chronic accessibility: for a node in an associative network, the state of being prominent in a person’s mind across all situations.  
  慢性可访问性，指在关联网络中节点的状态，以及一个人在所有情况下都突出的状态。
• Downward social comparisons: comparing yourself to someone you believe is worse than you on some dimension.
  向下社会比较，将自己与你认为在某些方面不如你的人进行比较。
• Ideal self: a representation of the self showing the person we would like to be.
  理想自我：展示我们希望成为的人的自我形象。
• Independent self-concept: a self-concept prominent in individualistic cultures in which people primarily define themselves based on their own attributes, traits, and accomplishments.
  独立自我概念：在个人主义文化中突出的自我概念，人们主要根据自己的属性、特质和成就来定义自己。
• Interdependent self-concept: a self-concept prominent in collectivistic cultures in which people primarily define themselves based on their relationships to other people and the attributes of the groups to which they belong.
  相互依存的自体概念，是一种在集体主义文化中突出的自体概念，其中人们主要根据他们与其他人的关系以及他们所属群体的属性来定义自己。
• Link: a representation of an association between two nodes in an associative network.
  链接：表示关联网络中两个节点之间关联的表示。
• Looking-glass self: a term that highlights the effect of reflected appraisals on our self-concepts.
  镜中自我，一个强调反射评价对我们自我概念影响的概念。
• Node: a representation of information being stored in an associative network.
  节点：表示在关联网络中存储的信息的表示。
• Objective self-awareness: a state in which we focus on the behaviors that we are performing and compare them to our own beliefs and values.
  目标自我意识：一种我们关注自己正在执行的行为，并将它们与我们自己的信念和价值观进行比较的状态。
• Ought self: a representation of the self showing the level we do not want to fall below.
  应当自我：表示我们不想跌落到的水平。
• Reflected appraisals: our beliefs about how others see us. These beliefs often affect our self-concepts.
  我们的评价反映了他人如何看待我们。这些信念通常会影响我们的自我概念。
• Schematic: the property of a portion of the self-concept (called a self-schema) that makes it always be active in a person’s mind. 
  原理图：自我概念的一部分（称为自我图式）的特性，使其始终在人的脑海中保持活跃。
• Self-concept: one’s store of information about the self, including their autobiographical memories, social roles, and other types of self-knowledge.
  自我概念：一个人关于自己的信息储备，包括他们的自传性记忆、社会角色和其他类型的自我知识。
• Self-monitoring: an individual difference that describes the tendency to monitor your own behavior to ensure that it is appropriate for the situation you’re in.
  自我监控：描述个人差异，指监控自身行为以确保其适合所处情境的倾向。
• Self-schema: a part of the self-concept that contains a group of interrelated ideas that all relate to a single aspect of the self. 
  自我图式：自我概念的一部分，包含一系列相互关联的想法，这些想法都与自我的某个单一方面相关。
• Upward social comparisons: comparing yourself to someone you believe is better than you on some dimension.
  向上比较：将自己与你认为在某些方面比你更好的人进行比较。
• Working self-concept: the portion of our self-concept that is active at any given moment.
  工作自我概念：在任何给定时刻活跃的我们自我概念的组成部分。

Source: https://www.coursera.org/learn/psychology-of-the-self/supplement/u1myM/key-terms